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  SAS Institute logo.    Consider using the CLASS statement on a MEANS or SUMMARY rather than Sort.


The class statement on a PROC MEANS or SUMMARY allows observations to be grouped according to the given variable names in the same way that a BY statement does. The major differences are that a dataset does not need to be sorted according to the CLASS variables, but for datasets with a high number of unique values of class variables this may become inefficient because the result of computations are held in memory rather than output to disk as soon as a group boundary is found.
There is therefore a trade-off between CPU saved by not using the sort, and that used with the CLASS statement. There are no strict guidelines for when to use CLASS rather than BY, but bear in mind that there is a theoretical limit of 32,767 combinations of class variables.